Name of polymer
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Abbreviat-ion
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Starting materials (monomers)
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Nature of polymer
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Properties
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Applications
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(i) Polyolefines
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(a) Polyethylene or polyethene
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LDPE (Low density polyethene)
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CH2 = CH2
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Low density homopolymer (branched) chain growth.
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Transparent, moderate tensile power, high toughness.
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Packing material take bags, insulation for electrical wires and cables.
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HDPE (high density polyethene)
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CH2 = CH2
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High density homopolymer (linear) chain growth.
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Transluscent, chemically inert, greater tensile strength, toughness.
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Manufacture of buckets, tubs, house ware, pipes, bottles and toys.
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(b) Polypropylene or polypropene
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PP
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CH3 CH = CH2
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Homopolymer, linear, chain growth.
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Stronger and Harder than polyethene.
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Packing of foods, textiles, liners for bags, heat, ropes, automobile mouldings, shrinkage wraps, stronger pipes bottles and carpet fibres.
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(c) Styron or Styrofoam or Polystyrene
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C6H5CH = CH2
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Homopolymer, linear, chain growth
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Transparent
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Plastic toys, house hold wares, radio and television bodies, refrigerator linings.
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(ii) Polyhaloolefines
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CH2 = CH -Cl
Vinyl Chloride
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(a) Polyvinyl chloride
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PVC
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Homopolymer chains growth
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Thermoplastic
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(i) Plasticised with high boiling esters PVC used in rain coats, hand bags, shower curtains, fabrics, shoe soles, vinyl flooring (ii) Good electrical insulator (iii) Hose pipes.
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(b) Teflon or Polytetrafluoroet-hylene
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PTFE
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F2C = CF2
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Homopolymer, high melting point
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Flexible and inert to solvents boiling acids even aqua regia. Stable upto 598 K.
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(i) For nonstick utensiles coating (ii) Creating pump packings valves, gaskets, seals, non lubricated bearings.
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(c) Polymonochlorotri-fluroroethylene
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PCTFE
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ClFC = CF2
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Homopolymer
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Less resistant to heat and chemicals due to presence of chlorine atoms.
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Similar to those of teflon.
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(iii) Formaldehyde resins
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(a) Bakelite or Phenol formaldehyde resin
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Phenol and formaldehyde
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Copolymer, step growth
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Thermosetting polymer, hard and brittle
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(i) With low degree polymerisation as bindings glue for wood varnishes, lacquers.
(ii) With greater degree polymerisation for combs, for mica table tops, fountain pen barrels electrical goods (switches and plugs).
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(b) Melamine formaldehyde resin
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Melamine and formaldehyde
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Copolymer, step growth
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Thermosetting polymer, hard but not so breakable.
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Non-breakable crockery.
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(iv) Polyacrylates
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(a) Polymethacrylate (lucite, acrylite and plexiglass and perspex)
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PMMA
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![112_plastic.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/112_plastic.png)
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Copolymer
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Hard transparent, excellent light transmission, optical clarity better than glass gets up colours.
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Lenses light covers lights, shades signboards transparent domes skylight, dentures, plastic jewellery and aircraft window.
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(b) Polyethylacrylate
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CH2 = CH - COOC2H5
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Copolymer
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Tough, rubber like product
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