Physical properties alpha-amino acids
(i) Amino acids are colourless, crystalline substances having sweet taste. They melt with decomposition at higher temperature (more than 200°C). They are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
(ii) Except glycine, all the α -amino acids are optically active and have an asymmetric carbon atom (α-carbon atom). Hence, each of these acids may exist in two optical isomers. In proteins, however, only one isomer of each is commonly involved.
(iii) Zwitter ion and isoelectric point : Since the -NH2 group is basic and - COOH group is acidic, in neutral solution it exists in an internal ionic form called a Zwitter ion where the proton of -COOH group is transferred to the -NH2 group to form inner salt, also known as dipolar ion.
The Zwitter ion is dipolar, charged but in general electrically neutral and contains both a positive and negative charge.
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