Physical Properties
(i) Both are colourless crystalline solids. Both are soluble in water.
(ii) The melting point of maleic acid (130.5°C) is lower than the melting point of fumaric acid (287°C).
Chemical Properties
Chemically, both the acids give the reactions of alkenes and dibasic acids except that the maleic acid on heating forms an anhydride while fumaric acid does not give anhydride.
Both form succinic acid on reduction with sodium amalgam. They undergo addition reactions with bromine, hydrobromic acid, water, etc. and form salts, esters and acid chlorides as usual. With alkaline KMnO4 solution, they get oxidised to tartaric acid.
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