Physical properties

(i) The pure hydrogen peroxide is the pale blue syrupy liquid.

(ii) It freezes at - 0.5°C and has density of 1.4 in the pure state.

(iii) Hydrogen peroxide is diamagnetic.

(iv) It is highly associated by means of hydrogen bonding than water.

(v) Although it is a better polar solvent than H₂O. However, it can't be used as such because of strong autooxidation ability.

(vi) Dipole moment of H₂O₂ is 2.1 D.

Chemical properties

(i) Decomposition : Pure H₂O₂ is an unstable liquid and decomposes into water and O₂ either upon standing or upon heating,
 

        (ii) Oxidising nature : It is a powerful oxidising agent. This acts as an oxidising agent in neutral, acidic or in alkaline medium. For example  [In the neutral medium]

(iii) Reducing nature : H₂O₂ has tendency to take up oxygen from strong oxidising agents and thus, acts as a reducing agent,  It can act as a reducing agent in basic, acidic, or even neutral medium.

In acidic medium,

In alkaline medium,

(iv) Bleaching action :  H₂O₂ acts as a bleaching agent due to the release of nascent oxygen.

Thus, the bleaching action of H₂O₂ is due to oxidation. This oxidises colouring matter to the colourless product, the colouring matter +O → Colour less material.

H₂O₂ is used to bleach delicate materials like ivory, silk, wool, leather etc.

(v) Acidic nature : Anhydrous hydrogen peroxide is acidic in character (K_a = 1.55 * 10^-12 at 298 K). Its dissociation in aqueous solution may be given as

It forms two types of salts

(vi) Addition reactions : Hydrogen peroxide is capable of adding itself to ethylenic linkage.

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