Perfumes: Perfumes are the matters, used to give fragrance. Various needs have to be fulfilled to make a good perfume and any material, which just provides good smell, may not be a perfume.
A perfume invariably has of three ingredients: a vehicle, fixative and odour producing substance.
(i) Vehicle: The vehicle is also called solvent. The role of the solvent is to keep the odour-producing matters in solution. Water and ethanol mixture is the most general vehicle used in perfumery.
(ii) Fixative: The function of the fixative is to equalize the rate of evaporation of various odouriferous components of the perfume by suitably adjusting their volatility. Sandalwood oil searches use as fixative. Other matters used as fixative are glyceryl diacetate, esters of cinnamyl alcohol and benzoin.
(iii) Odourous substances: Both natural and synthetic substances are used to impart odour to a perfume. For example, terpenoids same as linalool which occurs in essential oils are natural odour making substances, while anisaldelyde (p-methoxybenzaldehyde), is a synthetic odour creating substances.
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