Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks:
Network Operating Systems are classified as peer-to-peer network operating systems or client/server network operating systems.
Peer-to-Peer Network
A peer-to-peer network operating system runs on the computers of individual users. The users can share files and resources on their computers and access the resources of other computers. They do not have a centralized management source or a file server. Though an administrator may provide some management and security controls, the users control the resources available on the network. Peer-to-peer networks are designed for small to medium LANs. Examples are AppleShare, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows for Workgroups, Windows Me and Home Editions.
Client/Server Network
A client/server network functions in a way similar to a peer-to-peer network. However, in the client/server network, at least one computer acts as a server. A server is a computer that runs the software which enables it to perform jobs requested by other computers, called clients. Servers manage shared resources and allow clients to access these resources on a network. They use the features of operating systems like access control and communication. There are various types of servers like file servers, application servers, e-mail servers, communication servers, back up and archive servers, print servers, and network servers, which provide different services. For example, a file server acts as a central storage area for the network, a print server manages printers and print jobs, etc. In smaller networks, these services are provided by a single server but in larger networks, they are divided between many machines. Examples of server operating systems are Solaris, Linux, Windows NT, and Netware.
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