Osmosis
(1) Osmosis : Flow of the solvent from pure solvent or from the solution of lower concentration into the solution of higher concentration through a semi-permeable membrane is termed as Osmosis. Osmosis can be divided in the following types,
(i) Exo-Osmosis : The outward osmotic flow of the water from a cell having an aqueous solution through the semi-permeable membrane is termed as Exo-osmosis. For instance, egg (after removing its hard shell) placed in concentrated NaCl solutions, will shrink due to the process of exo-osmosis.
(ii) Endo-osmosis : The inward flow of the water into the cell having an aqueous solution through the semi-permeable membrane is known as endo-osmosis. For example an egg placed in the water swells up due to the process of endo-osmosis.
(iii) Reverse osmosis : If the pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure is applied on the solution, the solvent will flow from solution into the pure solvent through the semi-permeable membrane. As here the flow of the solvent is in the reverse direction to that observed in the usual osmosis, the process is termed as reverse osmosis.
Difference between osmosis and diffusion
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Osmosis
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Diffusion
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In osmosis movement of molecules takes place through a semi-permeable membrane.
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In diffusion there is no role of semi-permeable membrane.
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It involves movement of only solvent molecules from one side to the other.
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It involves passage of solvent as well as solute molecules from one region to the other.
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Osmosis is limited to solutions only.
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Diffusion can take place in liquids, gases and solutions.
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Osmosis can be stopped or reversed by applying additional pressure on the solution side.
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Diffusion can neither be stopped nor reversed
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