Purification, Classification and Nomenclature of Organic compounds
The word 'organic' signifies life. Therefore, each molecule which was prepared directly or indirectly from living organisms, animals and plants was known as organic compounds and the branch of chemistry which deals with these compounds was called organic chemistry.
Modern meaning of organic chemistry : Organic chemistry is a chemistry of hydrocarbons and their derivatives in which covalently bonded carbon is an essential constituent.
Berzelius put forward a theory in 1815 known as vital force theory. It defines that, "organic compounds could be prepared only by living organism under the influence of a mysterious force known as vital force". Accidental synthesis of urea byWohler and synthesis of acetic acid by Kolbe led to the fall of this theory.
Berthelot prepared methane in laboratory and the most abundant organic compound is cellulose which is a polymer of glucose. Kekule and Couper proposed the tetravalency of carbon and wrote the first structural formula. In 1874, Van't Hoffand Le Bell suggested a tetrahedron model of carbon.
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