Nuclear fission : The  splitting or division of a heavier atom like that of uranium - 235 into the number of fragments of much smaller mass, by appropriate bombardment with the sub-atomic particles with liberation of huge amount of energy is termed as Nuclear fission. Hahn and Startsman were the scientist who discovered that when uranium-235 is bombarded with the neutrons, it splits up into the two relatively light elements.

+ Huge amount of energy

Spallation reactions are much similar to the nuclear fission. Though, they differ by the fact that they are brought by high energy bombarding particles or photons.

The elements capable of undergoing the nuclear fission and their fission products. Among elements which are capable of undergoing nuclear fission, uranium is the most common. The natural uranium consists of the main isotopes, namely U²³⁴ (0.006%), U²³⁵ (0.7%) and U²³⁸ (99.3%). Of the three isomers of uranium, nuclear fission of U²³⁵ and U²³⁸ are more significant. Uranium-238 undergoes fission by fast moving neutrons while the  undergoes fission by slow moving neutrons; of these two, U²³⁵ fission is of much significance. Other examples are Pu²³⁹ and U²³³.

Uranium-238, the most abundant (99.3%) isotope of uranium, although it does not undergo nuclear fission process, is converted into plutonium-239.

Which when bombarded with the neutrons, it undergo fission process to emit three neutrons per plutonium nucleus. Material such as U-238 which themselves are non-fissible but can be converted into the fissible material (Pu-239) are known as fertile materials.

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