Normal solution : The solution containing one gram of the equivalent weight of the solute dissolved per litre is called as a normal solution; for example when 40 g of NaOH are present in one litre of NaOH solution, the solution is called as normal (N) solution of NaOH. Similarly, the solution containing a fraction of gram equivalent weight of the solute dissolved per litre is known as subnormal solution. For instance, a solution of NaOH containing 20 g (1/2 of g equivalent wt) of NaOH dissolved per litre is a sub-normal solution. It can be written as N/2 or 0.5 N solutions.

Formula used in solving the numerical problems on the volumetric analysis

         (1) Strength of solution = Amount of substance in g litre^-1

         (2) Strength of solution = Amount of substance in g moles litre^-1

         (3) Strength of solution = Normality * Eq. wt. of the solute

                                        =  molarity * Mol. wt. of solute

         (4)    

(5)    

 at NTP (only for gases)

         (6) Number of millimoles    

         Molarity * Volume in ml.

         (7) Number of equivalents

         (8) Number of milliequivalents (meq.)

         (9) Normality = x * No. of millimoles

         where   , x = valency or change in the oxi Number.

         (10)  Normality formula, N₁V₁ = N₂V₂

         (14) Specific gravity

         (15) Formality 

         (16) Mol. Wt. = V.D * 2 (For gases only)

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