Nitro alkanes or Nitroparaffins : Nitro alkanes are regarded as nitro derivatives of hydrocarbons.

Classification : They are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the nature of carbon atom to which nitro groups is linked.

General methods of preparation

         (a) On heating an alkyl halide with aqueous alcoholic solution of silver nitrite

         Some quantity of alkyl nitrite is also formed in this reaction. It may be replaced by fractional distillation since alkyl nitrites have much lower boiling points as compared to nitro alkanes.

         (b) By the direct nitration of paraffins (Vapour phase nitration)

         With bigger alkanes, a set of different nitro alkanes is formed which can be separated by fractional distillation.

         (c) By the action of sodium nitrite on a-halo carboxylic acids

         (d) By the hydrolysis of a-nitro alkene with water or acid or alkali (Recent method)

         (e) Tertiary nitro alkanes are found by the oxidation of t-alkyl amines with KMnO₄.

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