MPEG
MPEG is a compression standard for digital video signals, such as used in computer video and digital television networks. Other than this, the MPEG also provides for the compression of the sound track associated with the video. The name derived from its originating organization, the Moving Pictures Experts Group. In case,If you think JPEG is complex, MPEG is a terrible! MPEG is something you buy, not even try to write yourself. The future of this technology is to code the compression and uncompression algorithms directly into integrated circuits. The potential of MPEG is huge. Think of 1000 of video channels being carried on a single optical fiber running into your residences. This is a key technology of the 21st century.
In addition to decreasing the data rate, MPEG has numerous important features. The movie could be played forward or in reverse, and at also normal or fast speed. The encoded information is arbitrary access, specifically, any individual frame in the sequence can be simply displayed as a still picture. This goes along with making the motion picture editable, meaning that short segments from the movie could be encoded only with reference to themselves, not the whole sequence. MPEG is designed to be robust to errors. The final thing you want is for a single bit error to cause a disruption of the movie.
The approach used by MPEG can be divided into 2 types of compression: within-the-frame and between-frame. Within-the-frame compression defines that individual frames making up the video sequence are encoded as if they were normal still images. This compression is carried out using the JPEG standard, with just a a small number of variations. In MPEG terminology, a frame that has been encoded in this way is known as intra-coded or I-picture.
A good number of the pixels in a video sequence change extremely little from one frame to the next. Untill the camera is moving, most of the image is made up of a background that remains steady over dozens of frames. MPEG takes benefit of this with a sophisticated form of delta encoding to squeeze the redundant information among frames. After compressing 1 of the frames as an I-picture, MPEG encodes in a row frames as predictive-coded or P- pictures. Specifically, only the pixels that have altered since the I-picture are included in the P- picture.
While these 2 compression schemes form the backbone of MPEG, the actual execution is immensely more sophisticated than described here. for instance, a P- picture can be referenced to an I-picture that has been shifted, accounting for shift of objects in the image series. There are also bidirectional predictive-coded or B-pictures. This showing referenced to both a previous and a future I-picture. This manages regions in the image that gradually change over many of frames. Some particular frames can also be stored out-of-order in the compressed data to facilitate the proper sequencing of the I, p, & B-pictures. The addition of color and sound makes this all the more complicated.
The major distortion associated with MPEG occurs when big sections of the image change quickly. As a result, a burst of information is required to keep up with the rapidly changing scenes. If the data rate is flat, the viewer notices "blocky" patterns when changing from one view to the next. This could be minimized in networks that transmit many video channels simultaneously, like cable television. The rapid burst of information needed to support a quickly changing scene in one video channel, is averaged with the humble requirements of the relatively static scenes in the other channels.
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