Let a mass m is tied to a string of length l and is rotated in a vertical circle with centre at the other end of the string.
At all positions, there are two forces performing on the mass:
Its own weight & the tension in the string
Let the radius of the circle = l
At the top: Let vt = velocity at the top
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Total force towards centre =
For the movement in the circle, the string should have tight i.e. the tension has to be positive at all positions.
As the tension is low at the top Ttop ≥0
mvt2/l -mg ≥ 0
Now, let vb be the velocity at the bottom. As the particle goes up, its KE decreases and GPE (Gravitational Potential Energy) increases
Loss in KE = gain in GPE
Now, if the same particle of mass m is loosening from a string of length fixed to the point O, and let v be the needed velocity imparted to the particle.
The particle just stops at a instance B, then
Loss in KE = Gain in GPE
1/2mv2 - 0 = mgl
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