Mordant dyes: These dyes have no natural affinity for the fabric and are applied to it with the help of certain additional substances known as mordants. A mordant (Latin mordere = to bite) is any substance which can be fixed to fabric and reacts with the dye to produce colours on fabric. Three types of mordants are commonly used,
· Acidic mordants same as tannic acids which are used with basic dyes.
· Basic mordants such as albumin or metallic hydroxides which are used with acidic dyes.
- Metallic mordants like salts of aluminum, chromium, iron, tin, etc., which are used with acidic dyes.
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Actually the mordant forms an insoluble coordination compound between the fabric and the dye and bounds the two. Alizarin is a classic mordant dye. It provides different colours depending on the metal ion used. For example, with Al3+, alizarin gives a rose red colour; with Ba2+, a blue colour; with Fe3+, a violet colour and with Cr3-, a brownish red colour.
The procedure of mordant dyeing consists in impregnating the fabric with mordant in presence of wetting agent followed by soaking of the fabric into the solution of dye.
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