The mole concept

         One mole of any of the substance contains a fixed number (6.022 * 10²³) of any type of particles (atoms or molecules or ions) and contains a mass equal to the atomic or molecular weight, in grams. Therefore it is correct to refer to a mole of helium, a mole of electrons, or a mole of Na⁺, meaning respectively Avogadro's number of electrons, atoms, or ions.

          Number of moles 

The percentage composition & Molecular formula

         (1) The percentage composition of the compound

Percentage composition of the compound is the relative mass of each of the constituent element in the 100 parts of it. If molecular mass of the compound is M and B is the mass of an element in the molecule, then

         (2) Determination of empirical formula : The empirical formula of a molecule is determined using the % of elements present in it. The below stated method is adopted.

         Relative no. of atoms : Divide the percentage of each element present in compound by its at weight. This provides the relative number of atoms of element in molecule.

         Simplest ratio: Fit is used to find out lowest value of relative number of atoms and then divide each value of relative number of atoms by this value to estimate simplest ratio of elements.

         If the simplest ratio attained is not complete integers, then multiply them by a common factor to get the integer values of simplest ratio.

         Empirical formula: Write all constituent atoms with their respective number of atoms derived in the simplest ratio. This gives the empirical formula of compound.

         Molecular formula: Molecular formula = n * empirical formula where 'n' is the whole number obtained as follows

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