MIDlet packaging:

So far we have concentrated entirely on writing MIDlets that run on an emulator. In the real world, we want to be able to write MIDlets and deploy them so that they can be made available to potentially many devices.

The actual technical details of how to do this are not particularly difficult to understand, but again there is not sufficient space for us to do any more than provide a brief overview of the issues involved.

There are three basic methods of porting a MIDlet from a development environment to an actual mobile device:

• factory installation;
• direct porting by cable or Infra Red (IR) link;
• over-the-air downloading via HTTP using WAP.

In whatever way the MIDlets are transferred, they need to be in a particular format. MIDlets and their resources are held in a file with an extension of .jar. In addition to the JAR file which actually holds the MIDlet suite, there are a number of other files that need to be packaged with it. For example, if we are downloading a MIDlet over-the-air, the first thing actually downloaded to the mobile device is a JAD (Java Application Descriptor) file. This contains information needed by the mobile device to decide whether it is possible to download the JAR file. Part of the information that must be included in the JAD file is the URL of the JAR file and the JAR file size. If the JAR file can be downloaded, then the AMS (Application Management Software) of the device uses the URL address and downloads the JAR file held at that location. Associated with the JAR file is a Manifest file, which contains information about the profile(s) and the configuration used by the MIDlets and details of the MIDlets enclosed. If everything is satisfactory, then the AMS will install the MIDlets and they are then available for the user to run.

Security
An important issue the user needs to be aware of is that there is very little security associated with MIDlet deployment. It is very simple for MIDlets to pretend to do one thing when advertised and then to actually do something else when run. The only safe approach is to download MIDlets from trusted sources.

Version 2.0 of the MIDP specification ensures that HTTPS, the secure HTTP protocol, is supported for the growing area of m-commerce.

Hopefully, this whistle-stop tour of MIDlets has given you an appreciation of the power and potential of this rapidly growing area of programming. Applications are being developed in areas such as gaming, m-learning, m-commerce and location-aware applications such as finding the user's nearest petrol station.

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