Methane : Known as marsh gas.

         (i) Industrial method of preparation : Mathane gas is obtained on a large scale from natural gas by liquefaction. It can also be obtained by the application of following methods,

         (a) From carbon monoxide : A mixture of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen is passed over a catalyst containing nickel and carbon at 250^oC  when  methane is formed.

         (b) Bacterial reduction of cellulose material present in sewage water : This method is being used in England for production of methane.

         (c) Synthesis : q By striking an electric field between carbon electrodes in an atmosphere of hydrogen at 1200^oC, methane is formed.

         By passing a mixture of hydrogen sulphide and carbon disulphide vapour through red hot copper, methane is created.  

         (ii) Physical properties

         (a) It is an odourless, colourless, tasteless and non-poisonous gas.

(b) It is lighter than air. Its density at NTP is 0.71 g/L.

         (c) It is slightly soluble in water but is quite soluble in ether, alcohol and acetone.

         (d) Its melting point is -182^oC  and boiling point is -161.5^oC.

         (iii) Uses

         (a) In the development of compounds like formaldehyde, methyl chloride, methyl alcohol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc.

         (b) In the preparation of hydrogen, used for creating ammonia.

         (c) In the manufacturing of carbon black which is used for making printing ink, black paints and as a filler in rubber vulcanisation.

         (d) As a fuel and illuminant.

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