Melting and Boiling Points of Transition Elements, d - Block Elements Assignment Help

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Melting and boiling points:

Melting and boiling points of the transition elements except Cd and Hg are extremely high as compared to the p-block and s-block elements. Melting and boiling points increases pass by maxima and then steadily reduces across any of the transition series. Here the maximum elements take place around center of the series.

Explanation: transition Atoms elements are compactly packed and held together through the strong metallic bonds that have appreciable covalent character. This output in high melting and boiling points of transition elements.

The strength of the metallic bonds based upon the number of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. Hence, greater is number of unpaired electrons stronger is the metallic bonding. In any transition element series, number of the unpaired electrons enhanced first from 1 to 5 and then reduced back to the zero .The maximum five unpaired electrons takes place at the Cr (3d series). Consequently, the melting and boiling points first enhanced and then decrease showing the maxima around middle of the series.

Low melting points of the Cd, Zn and Hg can be due to the absence of unpaired d-electrons in their atoms

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