Manufacturing Information Systems
The key aspects of manufacturing functions are costs, speed, quality, and flexibility. Organizations aim at lowering costs and improving the quality of production. The manufacturing function of an organization includes planning and control of processes, which enable the production and delivery of goods and services. Manufacturing information systems (also known as operational information systems) support the production/operations function in an organization. The various components of a manufacturing information system like manufacturing execution systems, manufacturing resources planning, and process control systems help in planning, monitoring, and controlling production, inventories, purchases, and other aspects relating to the production of goods and services. The following are some computer-based manufacturing applications which illustrate the role of information systems in the production/operations function:
Manufacturing Execution System (MES)
Manufacturing Execution Systems (MESs) are performance-monitoring systems for shop floor operations. These systems are used by organizations to measure and control the production activities or processes. The basic aim of MESs is to enhance the productivity and quality of production processes. MESs monitor, track, and control the five essential components involved in a production process namely, materials, equipment, personnel, instructions, and production facilities. MESs include shop floor scheduling and control, machine control, robotics control, and process control.
Process control systems
Computer systems that control an ongoing physical manufacturing process are called Process Control Systems. Such systems require the use of special sensing devices that measure physical phenomena such as temperature, pressure, etc. Process control software uses mathematical models to analyze the data generated by the ongoing process and compares them with standards or forecasts of required results. The computer manages the process by adjusting control devices such as valves and switches.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is a method of manufacturing supported by computer systems. A variety of manufacturing information systems is used to support CIM in an organization. The objectives of computer-based manufacturing are:
- Simplifying production processes, product designs, and factory organization as a vital foundation to automation and integration.
- Automating production processes and business functions that support them.
- Integrating all production and support processes using computers, telecommunication networks, and other information technologies.
CIM integrates Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Manufacturing, Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP), Computer Aided Quality Assurance (CAQ), and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Manufacturing Information Systems help companies simplify, automate, and integrate many activities which are required to produce products. Engineers can design better products using CAD and CAM systems. CAM systems automate the production process. They monitor and control the production process through MESs. This can also be done by directly controlling a physical process (Process Control), or a machine tool (Machine Control), or machines with some human-like work capabilities (robots). The Materials Requirement Planning system helps in planning the material required for production process. This is integrated with production scheduling and shop floor operations. This is popularly known as Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP).
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