Management Information Systems - Design:
Designing of the MIS is the next step in MIS planning. Successful MIS implementation and the operational efficiency & effectiveness of the MIS in the organization depend largely on the qualitative efforts that go into designing the MIS. In other words, the design part of MIS implementation influences its operational performance. Thus, the management of an organization considers designing an important part of MIS implementation.
In simple terms, designing an MIS is the process of identifying and allocating the optimum information infrastructure and resources to all those personnel who need a variety of information to make effective decisions in the long run. The MIS design specifies which resources are to be allocated to which department and/or personnel. The flow of information between departments and personnel is decided at the design stage. Information flow includes the type of information and the ways in which this information has to be presented to different users. For instance, a middle level marketing manager may be interested in knowing the customer preferences in every segment of the market. Hence, information presented in detailed tabulations would help him/her in taking the necessary decisions. But the top management would like to have the same information in the form of reports to understand the general consumer trends.
Schonberger proposed a continuum of design approaches that varied from negligible user involvement to complement user involvement. All the approaches are classified on the basis of the type of leadership in the design stage. In the initial stages of MIS implementation, the design part is dominated by the system analysts and programmers. Major decisions are taken by them and technical details of the system are given more importance than the user requirements. Hence, many organizations find it difficult to use the MIS due to its technical complexity and the narrow scope for user driven functionality. Managements are gradually beginning to understand the importance of managerial/user involvement in the design stage. With this in mind, many organizations have commissioned special teams that have a mix of those belonging to the managerial cadre and the technical cadre to design their MIS. The managerial cadre includes those from the lower levels of management to the top-level management. This cadre mainly represents the users of the MIS while the technical cadre acts as advisors and information solicitors.
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