On the basis of mutual interactions or behavior of various materials in an external magnetic field, the materials are split in three basic categories.
(i) Diamagnetic materials: Diamagnetism is the intrinsic property of every material and it is generated due to mutual interaction between the applied magnetic field and orbital motion of electrons.
(ii) Paramagnetic materials: In these substances the inner orbits of atoms are incomplete. The electron moves are uncoupled, consequently on giving a magnetic field the magnetic moment generated due to spin motion align in the direction of magnetic field and induces magnetic moment in its direction due to which the material gets feebly magnetized. In these materials the electron number is odd.
(iii) Ferromagnetic materials: In few substances, the permanent atomic magnetic moments have strong tendency to align themselves even without any external field.
These materials are known as ferromagnetic materials.
In every unmagnetized ferromagnetic material, the molecules form domains inside the material. The atoms in any domain have magnetic moments in the same direction giving a net large magnetic moment to the domain. Distinct domains, however, have different directions of magnetic moment and hence the materials remain unmagnetized. On giving an external magnetic field, these domains move and align in the direction of magnetic field.
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