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(a) It is a straight line joining the points (Vpp, 0) on plate voltage axis and (0,Vpp,/RL ) on plate current axis of plate characteristics of triode.
(b) In graph, AB is a load line and the equation of load line is :
(c) The slope of load line 
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(d) In graph OA=Vpp, intercept of load line on VP axis and OB = Vpp/RL intercept of load line on ip axis.
Constant of triode valve:
(i) Plate or dynamic resistance (rP): The slope of plate characteristic curve is equal to or It is the ratio of small change in plate voltage to the change in plate current given by it, the grid voltage remaining fixed.
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That is, rp = Δvp/Δip. VG = constant
It is expressed in kilo ohms (KΩ). Typically, it ranges from about 8 KΩ to 40 KΩ. The rp can be determined from plate properties. It shows the reciprocal of the slope of the plate characteristic curve.
If the distance between plate and cathode is increased the rp increases. The value rp of is infinity in the state of cut off bias or saturation state.
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(ii) Mutual conductance (or trans conductance) (gm)
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(a) It is defined as the ratio of small change in plate current (Δip) to the corresponding small change in grid potential (Δvg) when plate potential vp is kept fixed i.e. 
(b) The value of is equal to the slope of mutual characteristics of triode.
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(c) The value of depends upon the separation between grid and cathode. The smaller is this separation, the larger is the value of g and vice versa.
(d) In the saturation state, the value of ,Δip = 0 ,gm = 0
(iii) Amplification factor (m): It is defined as the ratio of change in plate potential (Δvp) to produce certain change in plate current (Δip) to the change in grid potential (Δvig) for the same change in plate current i.e.
; negative sign indicates that vp and vg are in opposite phase.
(a) Amplification factor relays upon the distance between 
(b) The value of m is greater than one.
(c) Amplification factor is unit less and dimensionless.
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