Linear Differential Equation having constant coefficient:
Differential equation of the form n is called as linear differential equation having constant coefficients.
In order to solve this differential equation, take auxiliary equation as a0Dn + a1Dn-1 +...+ an =0
Find out the roots of this equation and then solution of given differential equation will be as given in following table
Theorem:
If y = f1(x) is general solution of
and y = f2(x) is a solution of
Then y = f1(x) + f2(x) is general solution of
Expression f1(x) is called as complementary function and the expression f2(x) is called as specific integral. These can be denotes by C.F. and P.I. respectively.
The nth derivative of y can be denoted Dny where D stands for d/dx and n denotes the order of derivative.
If we take the Differential Equation:
then we can write this differential equation in a symbolic form as
Dny + P1Dn- 1y + P2Dn- 2y + ....+ Pny = X
(Dn + P1Dn- 1 + P2Dn- 2 + ....+ Pn)y = X
The operator Dn + P1Dn- 1 + P2Dn- 2 + ....+ Pn can be denoted by f(D) so that the equation takes the form f(D)y = X
y = 1/f(D) x
Methods of finding P.I. :
Notes:
If m1 and m2 both are constants, the expressions (D - m1)(D - m2)y and (D- m2)(D - m1)y are equivalent that is the expression is independent of the order of operational factors.
We will explain method with the help of following example
Example: Solve .
Solution: The equation can be given as (D2 - 5D + 6)y = e3x
(D - 3) (D - 2)y = e3x
Into partial functions
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