Light Emitting Diodes I-V Characteristics
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Schematic symbol and I-V Characteristics Curves of it showing the different colors available.
Before a light emitting diode can "emit" any form of light it requires a current to flow through it, as it is a current dependant device with the light output intensity of them being directly proportional to forward current flowing through LED. As the LED is to be connected in the forward bias condition across the power supply it should be current limited by making use of a series resistor to protect it from the excessive current flow. Never connect LED directly to the power supply as it will be destroyed almost immediately because too much current will pass through and burn it.
From the table drawn above we can see that each LED has forward voltage drop of its own across the PN junction and this parameter which can be determined by the semiconductor material used, is the forward voltage drop for the specified amount of forward conduction current, characteristically for a forward current of 20mA. In most of the cases LEDs are operated from the low voltage DC supply, with a series resistor, RS which is used to limit the forward current to a safe value from 5mA for a simple LED indicator to 30mA or more where a high brightness light output is required.
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