Potential difference between an inductor leads the current by 90° in phase while that across a capacitor, it lags in phase by 90°.

Suppose a phasor diagram current is taken along positive x-direction. Then V_R is with respect to positive x-direction, Then V_R is related to positive x-direction, V_L with respect to positive y-direction and V_C along negative y-direction.

So, we can write,        V = V_R + jV_L - jV_C = iR + j(iX_L) - j(iX_C) = iR + j [ i (X_L - X_C)] = iZ

Here impedence is,     Z = R + j(X_L - X_C) = R + j

The modulus of impedence is, 

And the potential difference takes the current by an angle,

or         

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