Isotopes of Hydrogen
The isotopes are the different forms of same element, which posses the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Table: Isotopes of hydrogen
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Atomic number
|
Mass number
|
Relative abundance
|
Nature radioactive or non-radioactive
|
|
Protium or Hydrogen
|
 or H
|
1
|
1
|
99.985%
|
Non-radioactive
|
|
Deuterium
|
 or D
|
1
|
2
|
0.015%
|
Non-radioactive
|
|
Tritium
|
 or T
|
1
|
3
|
10-15%
|
Radioactive
|
Table: Physical constants of H2 , D2 and T2
|
Property
|
H2
|
D2
|
T2
|
|
Molecular mass
|
2.016
|
4.028
|
6.03
|
|
Melting point (K)
|
13.8
|
18.7
|
20.63
|
|
Boiling point (K)
|
20.4
|
23.9
|
25.0
|
|
Heat of fusion
(KJ mol-1)
|
0.117
|
0.197
|
0.250
|
|
Heat of vaporisation
(KJ mol-1)
|
0.994
|
1.126
|
1.393
|
|
Bond energy
(KJ mol-1)
|
435.9
|
443.4
|
446.9
|
Isotopic effect : In general chemical properties of isotopes are same but quantiative differences are noticed amongst them. For instances, the reaction between H2 and Cl2 is 13.4 times faster between D2 and Cl2 under similar conditions. This type differences in chemical properties, which are because of difference in the mass numbers of isotopes is known as isotopic effect.
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