Ionic product of water

The water is a weak electrolyte and it undergoes selfionistion to a small extent.

The product of concentrations of H⁺ and OH^-  ions in water at a particular temperature is known as ionic product of water. It is selected as K_w.

The value of K_w increases with increase of the temperature, that is the concentration H⁺ and OH^- ions increases with increase in temperature.

The value of K_w at 25 ⁰C is 1 * 10^-14 mole/litre. As pure water is neutral in nature,  ion concentration must be equal to  ion concentration.

This shows that at 25 degree C, in 1 litre only 10^-7 mole of water is in ionic form out of a total of about 55.5 moles.

 Thus when, [H⁺] = [OH^-]; the solution is neutral

                     [H⁺] > [OH^-]; this solution is acidic in nature

                  [H⁺] < [OH^-]; this solution is basic in nature

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