Inversion of cane-sugar : The hydrolysis of sucrose by boiling with a mineral acid or by enzyme invertase, produces a mixture of equal molecules of D-glucose and D-fructose.
Sucrose solution is dextrorotatory. Its specific rotation is +66.5oC But on hydrolysis, it converts into laevorotatory. The given rotation of D-glucose is +52oC and of D-fructose is -92oC Therefore, the net specific rotation of an equimolar mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose is.
Thus, in the process of hydrolysis of sucrose, the specific rotation changes from +66.5oC to -20oC, i.e., from dextro it becomes laevo and it is said that inversion has taken place. The procedure of hydrolysis of sucrose is thus termed as inversion of sugar and the hydrolysed mixture having equal molar quantities of D-glucose and D-fructose is called invert sugar. The enzyme that gives the inversion is named as invertase.
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