Inner classes

It is possible to place the definition of one class inside another class definition; this class is then known as an inner class. There are a number of practical and conceptual advantages of doing this. One of the conceptual advantages is that it allows you to keep together classes that are logically related to each other. In the above case we are defining a class that will act as a listener for a button. We could have defined it as an entirely separate class but in a sense the two class definitions go together. So by defining ButtonWatcher inside the class in which we create the button that will be using it, we have kept the two together. One of the practical advantages of using inner classes is that the inner class has access to all of the methods and data fields of the surrounding class.

The inner class can be as complicated as you like and it can make use of all of the modifiers that a 'normal' class would use, and so on. We will meet another practical advantage of inner classes in the next section, when we look at adapters. We will see that adapters are inner classes that can inherit in their own right and are not limited to whatever the outside class has already inherited. In earlier units we discussed that multiple inheritance is not allowed in Java, but interfaces provide a way round this limitation. That is, interfaces provide a mechanism for 'inheritance for specification' from more than one class. We see now that inner classes provide another solution, in that they can inherit using extends or, as in the example above, using implements.

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