Increment and  decrement operators

Two operators you will find yourself  using  frequently in Java are  the increment and decrement operators, ++ and  - -. These have  two forms: postfix and  prefix.  The ++ operator increments the variable  it is associated with by 1 and  the -- operator decrements the value  of the variable  it is associated with by 1. Suppose we have:

int myInt = 0;

myInt++;              // postfix increment

++myInt;            // prefix increment

After the first increment myInt has  the value 1 and  after the second it has  the value 2. In this context, there  is no difference between the prefix and  postfix  operators.

However,  the increment and  decrement operations return values  that can  be used in any context  where  their type  is valid, and  this is where  these operators differ. The postfix variant  (in which the operator appears after  the argument) returns  the old value  of the variable  to which it is applied whereas the prefix form returns  the new value.

For example, consider:

int myInt = 10;

int x = myInt++; // postfix form

The second statement increments the value of the variable myInt and  places this value back into myInt. It then returns the old value of myInt and  this is stored in x. After this code, myInt would have  the value  11  and  x would have  the value  10.

However,  it would be  different  if we had  written:

int myInt = 10;

int x = ++myInt; // prefix form

After this code, both  x and  myInt would have  the value  11,  since the prefix increment operator returns  the value  of myInt after it is incremented.

The action  of the -- operators is the same, except that subtraction rather  than  addition occurs.

The properties of the ++ and  -- operators are  summarized in Table.

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