Importance of electronegativity : The following predictions can be made from value of electronegativity,

(i) The nature of the bond among two atoms can be predicted from the eelctronegativity difference of the two atoms.

(a) The difference X_a - X_b = 0, i.e., X_a = X_b the bond is purely covalent.

(b) The difference X_A - X_B is small, i.e., X_A > X_B, the bond is polar covalent.

(c) The difference X_A - X_B  is 1.7, the bond is 50% covalent and 50% ionic.

(d) The difference X_A - X_B  is quite high, the bond is more ionic and less covalent. Molecule will be represented in this type of case as BA(B⁺A^-). Percentage ionic character may be calculated as,

Percentage of ionic character = 16 (X_A - XB) + 3.5 (X_A - X_B)²

where X_A  and X_B represents electronegativity of bonded atoms A and B.

This relation was given by A.L. Allerd (1961).

(ii) Greater the value of difference  more stable will be the bond.

Stability of compounds in which X_A - X_B  is very small are unstable in nature, SiH₄(0.3), NCl₃(0.0), PH₃(0), AsH₃(0.1) are unstable.

(iii) (X₀ - X_A) difference predicts the nature of the oxides formed by the element A. X₀ is the electronegativity of oxygen.

X₀ - X_A  is large, the oxide shows basic nature, (such as Na₂O ).

X₀ - X_A  is small, the oxide shows acidic nature, (such as SO₂ ).

(iv) Ionic compounds having percentage ionic character less than 20% were found coloured, for example

less the percentage ionic character, dark will be the colour.

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