Ideal gas equation

         (1) The simple gas laws relating gas volume to temperature pressure, and amount of gas, respectively and are stated as follows :

         Boyle's law :         (n and T constant)

         Charle's law :                             (n and P constant)

         Avogadro's law :                          (T and P constant)

         If all the above law's combines, then it becoms

            or                  (R = Ideal gas constant)

            or            PV = nRT

         This is called as ideal gas equation. R is called as the ideal gas constant. This equation is obeyed by the isothermal and adiabatic processes.

         (2) The Nature and the values of R: From ideal gas equation can be written as follows,

         R is expressed in unit of work or energy mol^-1 K^-1.

         Since different values of R are summarized as follows:

         R = 0.0821 L atm mol^-1 K^-1

              


                 (3) Gas constant, R for a single molecule is called Boltzmann constant (k)

           (4) The calculation of mass, molecular weight and density of the gas by gas equation

         (  Here M and R are constant for the particular gas)

         Therefore,    = Constant 

         (For the  two or more different temperature and pressure)

         (5) The Gas densities differ from those of the solids and liquids as,

         (i)           The Gas densities are usually stated in g/L instead of g/cm³.

         (ii)          The Gas densities are strongly dependent on the pressure and  temperature as, 

         The densities of liquids and solids depend somewhat on temperature, but they are far less dependent on the pressure.

         (iii) The density of a gas is directly proportional to its molar mass. There is simple relationship existing between the density and the molar mass for liquid and solids.

         (iv) Density of a gas at STP = molar mass/22.4

         d(N₂) at STP = 28/22.4 = 1.25 g L^-1,

         d(O₂) at STP = 32/22.4 = 1.43 g L^-1

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