Hybridisation in Organic Compounds
(1) The process of mixing atomic orbitals to form a set of new equivalent orbitals is termed as hybridisation. There are three types of hybridisation,
(i) sp3 hybridisation (involved in saturated organic compounds containing only single covalent bonds),
(ii) sp2 hybridisation (involved in organic compounds having carbon atoms linked by double bonds) and
(iii) sp hybridisation (involved in organic compounds having carbon atoms linked by a triple bonds).
Table : 23.1
|
Type of hybridisation
|
sp3
|
sp2
|
sp
|
|
Number of orbitals used
|
1s and 3p
|
1s and 2p
|
1s and 1p
|
|
Number of unused
p-orbitals
|
Nil
|
One
|
Two
|
|
Bond
|
Four -σ
|
Three -σ
One -π
|
Two -σ
Two -π
|
|
Bond angle
|
109.5°
|
120°
|
180°
|
|
Geometry
|
Tetrahedral
|
Trigonal planar
|
Linear
|
|
% s-character
|
25 or 1/4
|
33.33 or 1/3
|
50 or 1/2
|
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