Homologous series : A homologous series can be defined as a group of compounds in which the various members have similar structural features and similar chemical properties and the successive members differ in their molecular formula by CH2 group.
Characteristics of homologous series
(i) All the members of a series can be represented by the general formula. For example, the members of the alcohol family are represented by the formula CnH2n+1OH where n may have numbers 1, 2, 3, 4.... etc.
(ii) Two successive members differ in their formula by -CH2 group or by 14 atomic mass units (12 + 2 * 1).
(iii) Different members in a family have common functional group e.g., the members of the alcohol family have -OH group as the functional group.
(iv) The members in any particular family have almost identical chemical properties and their physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility, density etc., show a proper gradation with the increase in the molecular mass.
(v) The members present in a particular series can be prepared almost by similar methods known as the general methods of preparation.
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