History of Project Management

• Project management in its present form took shape over the last few decades. From the 1960s onwards, organizations realized the importance of managing work through projects and integrating the efforts of multiple departments and functions.

• Late 19th century

In the latter half of the 19^th century, the rising complexity of business operations saw the emergence of project management in management principles. In early 1870s, construction of the American transcontinental railroad began. During the construction, business leaders faced the daunting task of managing and organizing thousand of workers and large amounts of raw material.

• Early 20th century  

In the early 20^th century, Frederick Taylor developed ways of improving the efficiency of workers by focusing on elementary tasks. Till that time, industrialists believed that to improve productivity, workers had to be made to work harder and for longer durations. Henry Gantt, an associate of Taylor's, studied the sequence of operations in work. He developed Gantt charts that use task bars and milestones markers, and generated a framework that illustrated the sequence and duration of all the tasks in a process. The charts were so effective that they were used by business managers in their original form for around a hundred years.

• Mid 20th Century

Once World War II was over, the complexity of production and decreasing labor availability prompted changes in organizational structures and processes. Network techniques such as PERT and Critical Path Method (CPM) were employed by managers to manage complex projects. Initially these techniques were used to develop military weapon systems that involved a large variety of tasks and considerable interdependencies between the tasks. Later, their effectiveness led to the adoption of these techniques across various industries.

• Today     

If a business enterprise has to be successful, the different entities of the organizations must work in a coordinated manner to achieve specific goals. The project manager heads the project team and works toward improving integration of workflow and communication across different departments.                

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