Higher fatty acids
Palmitic, stearic and oleic acids are found in natural fats and oils as glyceryl esters.
They have derived their names from the natural source from which they are prepared by hydrolysis with alkali.
Table :
Name of acids
|
Source
|
Molecular formula
|
Palmitic acid
|
Palm oil
|
CH3(CH2)14COOH
|
Stearic acid
|
Stear (meaning tallow)
|
CH3(CH2)16COOH
|
Oleic acid
|
Olive oil.
|
CH3(CH2)7CH = CH(CH2)7COOH
|
Palmitic and stearic acids are waxy colourless solids with melting points 64°C and 72°C, respectively. They are insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol and ether. They find use in the manufacture of soaps and candles. Soaps contain sodium or potassium salts of these higher fatty acids.
Oleic acid has low melting point, i.e., 16°C. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether. Besides the reactions of acids, it also gives reactions of alkenes. Two aldehydes are formed on ozonolysis.
It is used for making soaps, lubricants and detergents.
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