h-Parameters
Small signal low frequency transistor Models:
All the transistor amplifiers are the two port networks having two voltages and two currents. Positive directions of the voltages and currents are shown in the figure 1.
![1693_small signal low frequency transistor model.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1693_small signal low frequency transistor model.png)
Figure 1
Out of the four quantities of it two are independent and two are dependent. If input current i1 and output voltage v2 are taken independent then other two quantities i2 and v1 can be expressed in terms of i1 and V2.
![1288_small signal low frequency transistor model1.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1288_small signal low frequency transistor model1.png)
The equations can be written as follows
![970_small signal low frequency transistor model2.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/970_small signal low frequency transistor model2.png)
here h11, h12, h21 and h22 are called as h-parameters.
![2485_small signal low frequency transistor model3.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/2485_small signal low frequency transistor model3.png)
= hi = input impedance with output short circuit to AC.
![2219_small signal low frequency transistor model4.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/2219_small signal low frequency transistor model4.png)
=hr = fraction of the output voltage at the input with input open circuited or reverse voltage gain with the input open circuited to AC.
![598_small signal low frequency transistor model5.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/598_small signal low frequency transistor model5.png)
= hf = negative of the current gain with output short circuited to AC.
The current entering load is negative of I2. This is also called as forward short circuit current gain.
![767_small signal low frequency transistor model6.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/767_small signal low frequency transistor model6.png)
= ho = output admittance with the input open circuited to AC.
If these parameters are specified for a particular configuration, then suffixes e, b or c are also included, for example hfe, hib are h parameters of common emitter and common collector amplifiers
Using two equations generalized model of the amplifier can be drawn as shown in the figure 2.
![946_small signal low frequency transistor model7.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/946_small%20signal%20low%20frequency%20transistor%20model7.png)
Figure 2
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