Group Technology

Traditional approaches to production have been modified in several ways to suit the requirements of organizations. These modifications have resulted in the development of many new approaches that are more appropriate for production purposes. Group technology is one such approach and is used mostly for metal working applications. The concept of group technology was first used for production processes in the late 1940s in the Soviet Union. Later, it was studied and applied in India, Japan, the United States and many European countries.

In a group technology layout, dissimilar machines are grouped into work centers to work on products similar in shape and processing requirements. A group technology layout is similar to both product layout and process layout because each cell is dedicated to a limited range of products and each cell is designed to perform specific set of processes respectively. It is also referred to as the parts classification and coding system. In group technology, each part manufactured is given a code. This code has several digits, each digit representing a physical characteristic of the part. Organizations draw the following benefits by implementing the coding system (under group technology):

1. Coding gives a clear picture of the steps that are involved in producing a part. Hence, it is easy to route the parts in production.

2. Coding results in standardization of part designs. A database can be maintained with the design details of old parts. Whenever a new product is to be designed, the codes of existing products can be accessed to identify similar parts present. This simplifies the process of manufacturing new products.

3. Parts with similar characteristics can be grouped into families as similar products are generally produced in similar ways, i.e. similar parts are made on the same machines with similar tooling. Suppose an organization produces mild steel (MS) bolts of varying specifications. If all the bolts to be produced are processed on similar lathe machines, they can be grouped into a part family, thus simplifying the process of production.              

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