Glucose; (C6H12O6) or Aldo-hexose
Glucose is known as dextrose because it occurs in nature as the optically active dextrorotatory isomer. It is also known as grape sugar as it is available in most sweet fruits especially grapes.
(1) Preparation :
(i) Laboratory method
HCl (dil.) is used for hydrolysis. Glucose being less soluble in alcohol than fructose separates out by crystallizing on cooling.
(ii) Manufacture : It is found on a large scale by the hydrolysis of starch (corn starch or potato starch) with dilute sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
A thin paste of starch is boiled with dilute acid till the hydrolysis is ended. The limit excess of acid is neutralized with calcium carbonate and the filtrate containing glucose is decolourised with animal charcoal. The solution is evaporated and concentrated under compact pressure. Glucose is found in crystalline form.
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