The Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
Another type of circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full wave rectifier circuit above, is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier. This kind of single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop "bridge" configuration to produce the desired output. Major advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special centre tapped transformer, thus reducing the size and cost of it. The single secondary winding is linked to one side of the diode bridge network and load to the other side as shown below.
The Diode Bridge Rectifier
The four diodes labeled D1 to D4 are arranged in "series pairs" with the two diodes conducting current during each half cycle. During positive half cycle of supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series while the diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and current flows through the load as shown below.
The Positive Half-cycle
During the negative half cycle of supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct in the series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch of as they are reverse biased now. The current flowing through the load is same direction as before.
The Negative Half-cycle
As current flowing through load is unidirectional, so the voltage developed across load is also unidirectional the same as for the earlier two diode full-wave rectifier, thus the average DC voltage across the load is 0.637Vmax and ripple frequency is now twice the supply frequency (for example 100Hz for a 50Hz supply).
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