Formic Acid or Methanoic acid (HCOOH)
Formic acid is the first member of monocarboxylic acids series. It occurs in the sting of bees, wasps, red ants, stinging nettles and fruits. In traces it is present in perspiration, urine, blood and in caterpillars.
(1) Methods of preparation
(i) Oxidation of methyl alcohol or formaldehyde
(ii) Hydrolysis of hydrocyanic acid : Formic acid is formed by the hydrolysis of HCN with acids or alkalies.
(iii) Laboratory preparation
The following procedure is applied for obtaining anhydrous formic acid.
;
(iv) Industrial preparation : Formic acid is prepared on industrial scale by heating sodium hydroxide with carbon monoxide at 210°C under a pressure of about 10 atmospheres.
Sodium formate thus formed is distilled with sodium hydrogen sulphate, when anhydrous formic acid distils over.
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