Formation of the interstitial compounds: Transition elements form a few interstitial compounds with elements possessing small atomic radii, like hydrogen, carbon boron, and nitrogen. Small atoms of these type of elements get entrapped in between the void spaces (called as interstices) of the metal lattice. Some of the characteristics of interstitial compound are,
(i) The non-stoichiometric compounds and cannot be given exact formulae.
(ii) These compounds show basically the same chemical properties as the parent metals, but vary in the physical properties such as density and hardness. The metals such as steel and cast iron are hard because of the formation of interstitial compound with carbon. Some non-stoichimetric compounds are, VSe0.98 (Vanadium selenide), Fe0.94O and titanium nitride.
Explanation : Interstital compounds are hard and dense in nature. This is because; the smaller atoms of the lighter elements occupy the interstices in lattice, leading to the much closely packed structure. Because of greater electronic interactions, the strength of metallic bonds also increases.
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