First law of thermodynamics is based on the principle of the conservation of power. According to the first law,
ΔQ = W + ΔU Where, ΔQ = heat given to the system
ΔU = Change in internal energy of working fluid (confined ideal gas)
W = Work done by the system
In applying this law special care must be taken in using the sign convention correctly.
Work
If we take a cylindrical vessel of cross-sectional area A which is filled with ideal gas enclosed by means of a mass less frictionless movable piston, then for an infinitesimal displacement 'dx' of the piston, the pressure of the confined gas can be taken as constant.
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So, Force = Pressure * Area = P * A
and dW = F dx
dew = PA dx
dW = PdV
Total work done by gas for change in volume from V1 to V 2 , W = 
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If the volume increases (V2 > V1) the system expands against the external pressure and so the system is doing work (according to sign convention positive work is being done by the system) and vice versa.
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