First Generation Languages:
A machine language consists of binary numbers (0s and 1s) that directly correspond to the on and off electrical pulses generated by the computer. It is also called the first generation programming language (1GL). The machine language is the only language that the computer can understand without translation. This kind of language is difficult for people to comprehend as it is written in numbers. A machine language must be written in accordance with the unique characteristics and syntax requirements of a given processor. If the programs have to be run on other computers, they need to be rewritten or recompiled. Hence, machine languages are said to be machine dependent.
An instruction prepared in any machine language has a two-part format. The first part is the opcode (operation code), which tells the computer what function to perform. Every computer has an operation code or opcode for each of its functions. The second part of the instruction is the operand, which tells the computer where to find or store the data that has to be manipulated. Thus, each instruction tells the control unit of the CPU what to do, and also the length and location of the data fields involved in the operation.
Machine language is still in use today as some people program directly in these languages. Newer programming languages give programmers easier ways to write programs, but the programs they write must still be translated into machine language to get executed on a given processor.
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