(1) Effect of density :  v = √(ΥP/ρ) ⇒ v ∝1/√P    

(2) Effect of pressure : v = √(ΥP/ρ)  = √(ΥRT/M) . Velocity of sound is independent of the pressure of gas provided the temperature remains constant. ( P ∝ ρ when T = constant)

(3) Effect of temperature :     v = √(ΥRT/M) ⇒ v ∝ √T(inK) 

When the temperature change is small then v_t = v₀ (1 +αt)

v₀ = velocity of sound at 0°C,

v_t = velocity of sound at t°C ,

 α = temp-coefficient of velocity of sound. Value of α = 0.608 (m/sec)/^oC    = 0.61 (Approx.)

Temperature value of speed of sound is defined as the change in the velocity of sound, when temperature changes by 1°C.

(4) Effect of humidity : With gain in humidity, density of air decreases. So with arise in humidity velocity of sound increases.

This is why sound travels faster in humid air (rainy season) than in dry air (summer) at the same temperature.

(5) Effect of wind velocity : Because wind drifts the medium (air) along its direction of motion therefore the velocity of sound in a particular direction is the algebraic sum of the velocity of sound and the component of wind velocity in that direction. Resultant velocity of sound along SL = v + w cosθ.

 (7) Relation between speed of sound and root mean square velocity.

(8) There is no environment on moon; therefore propagation of sound is not done there. To do interaction on moon, the astronaut needs an instrument which can transmit and detect electromagnetic rays.

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