Extraction of alkali metals : The alkali metals cannot be extracted by the simple methods for the extraction of metals because of following reasons.
(i) Alkali metals are quite strong reducing agents, hence cannot be extracted by the reduction of their oxides or other compounds
(ii) These being highly electropositive in nature, it is not possible to apply method of displacing them from their salt solutions by any other element.
(iii) The aqueous solutions of their salts cannot be taken in use for extraction by the electrolytic method because hydrogen ion is discharged at the cathode instead of alkali metal ions as discharge potentials of alkali metals are high. Although, by making use of Hg as the cathode, alkali metal can be deposited. The alkali metal easily combines with Hg to form the amalgam from which its recovery difficult. The only successful process, thus, is the electrolysis of their fused salts, commonly chlorides. Generally, other metal chloride is added to lower their fusion temperature.
(4) Alloys Formation
(i) The alkali metals form alloys among themselves as well as with other metals.
(ii) Alkali metals get dissolved in mercury to form an amalgam with evolution of the heat and the amalgamation is extremely exothermic.
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