Extended or long form of periodic table

    Modern periodic table is also called long form of the periodic table or also called as Bohr's table. In this table, the elements are arranged in order of their increasing atomic number. It consists of 4 blocks (s, p, d and f), 18 groups numbered from 1 to 18 and 7 periods numbered from 1 to 7.

Blocks : The periodic table is divided into four main blocks (s, p, d and f) depending upon the subshell to which the valence electron enters into.

(1) The elements of group 1 and 2 comprise s-Block.

(2) The elements of group 13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18 comprise p-Block

(3) The elements of group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 comprise d-Block

(4) The elements of f-Block comprise two horizontal rows placed at bottom of the periodic table to avoid its unnecessary expansion.

The elements of s- and p-blocks are known as normal or representative elements, those of d-block are called transition elements while the f-block elements are termed as inner transition elements.

Groups : The 18 vertical columns are called groups. The elements belonging to a particular group is known as a family and is usually named after the first number. Apart from this some of the groups are given typical names as examplified beneath,

(1) The elements of group 1 are known as Alkali-Metals.

(2) The elements of group 2 are known as Alkaline Earths.

(3) The elements of group 3 are known as Pnicogens.

(4) The elements of group 16 are known as Chalcogens.

(5) The elements of group 17 are known as Halogens.

(6) The elements of group 18 are known as Noble Gases or Aerogens

All these groups are named after the first member of each group.

Periods : The horizontal rows are called periods. There are seven periods in the long form of the periodic table,

(1) Ist period ₁H → ₂He has 2 elements. It is the most shortest period.

(2) 2nd period (₃Li →  ₁₀Ne) and 3rd period (₁₁Na → ₁₈Ar) contains 8 elements each. These are short periods.

(3) 4th period (₁₉K →  36Kr) and 5th period (₃₇Rb →  ₅₄Ne) contains 18 elements each. These are periods long.

(4) 6th period (₅₅Cs  → ₈₆Ra)  consists of 32 elements and this period is the longest.

(5) 7th period starting with ₈₇Fr is incomplete and has of 19 elements.

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