Illustration
Payal Ltd., manufactures a picnic table which has three components A, B and C, one of each being required for each table. The company is working to its full machine capacity of 28,000 hours per period and the machinery used is capable of making all the components.
Data relating to current production are:
Components
|
Machine Hours
|
Variable Costs Rs.
|
Fixed Costs Rs.
|
Total Costs Rs.
|
A
|
6
|
150
|
60
|
210
|
B
|
10
|
180
|
70
|
250
|
C
|
12
|
180
|
180
|
360
|
|
Assembly
|
320
|
130
|
450
|
|
|
830
|
440
|
1,270
|
|
|
|
Profit
|
230
|
|
|
|
Selling Price
|
1,500
|
Over the next budget period the machine capacity cannot be increased although the assembly capacity can be increased as required. The budget for the next period is being prepared. Because sales are buoyant the purchase of one of the components is being considered and the following quotation has been received:
Component
|
Price (Rs.)
|
A
|
220
|
B
|
280
|
C
|
320
|
The company has decided that only one component will be bought outside in any one period. The sales manager thinks that he could sell at least 50% more tables than at present and probably 75% more provided that the production capacity was available.
You are required to:
-
Give a statement showing current profitability.
-
Recommend which component should be bought outside if production is increased by 50% and how many components should be bought.
-
Recommend which component should be bought outside if production is increased by 75% and how many components should be bought.
Solution
-
Current Production
Machine hrs per unit of A - 6 hrs; B - 10 hrs; C - 12 hrs; Total 28 hrs
|
Current machine hrs
|
= 28,000 hrs
|
|
|
|
Production
|
= 1,000 picnic tables
|
|
|
|
Profitability:
|
|
|
|
|
Sales value:
|
1,500 × 1,000
|
=
|
Rs.15,00,000
|
|
Less: Variable Costs
|
830 × 1,000
|
=
|
Rs.8,30,000
|
|
Contribution
|
|
=
|
Rs.6,70,000
|
|
Less: Fixed Costs
|
|
=
|
Rs.4,40,000
|
|
Profit
|
|
=
|
Rs.2,30,000
|
|
Particulars
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
Purchase price (Rs.)
|
220
|
280
|
320
|
Variable Cost of Manufacture (Rs.)
|
150
|
180
|
180
|
Savings (Rs.)
|
70
|
100
|
140
|
Hours per unit
|
6
|
10
|
12
|
Savings per hour
|
11.67
|
10
|
11.67
|
Ranking for manufacturing
|
I
|
II
|
I
|
-
If production is increased by 50%, then 1,000 × 150% = 1,500
A
|
=
|
1,500 × 6
|
=
|
9,000 hrs
|
B
|
=
|
1,500 × 10
|
=
|
15,000 hrs
|
C
|
=
|
1,500 × 12
|
=
|
18,000 hrs
|
|
|
|
|
42,000 hrs.
|
But the total available hours are only 28,000 hrs.
The lower ranked product B should be purchased. Manufacture of A & C will require 9,000 + 18,000 = 27,000 hrs.With Balance 1000 hrs, 100 units of B can be manufactured and 1,400 of B can be purchased.
Resultant profit would be:
|
|
|
|
|
Rs.
|
Sales Value:
|
1,500
|
×
|
Rs.1,500
|
=
|
22,50,000
|
Less: Variable Cost
|
|
|
|
|
|
A: Manufacture
|
1,500
|
×
|
Rs.150
|
=
|
2,25,000
|
B : Manufacture
|
100
|
×
|
Rs.180
|
=
|
18,000
|
Purchase
|
1,400
|
×
|
Rs.280
|
=
|
3,92,000
|
C: Manufacture
|
1,500
|
×
|
Rs.180
|
=
|
2,70,000
|
Assembly
|
1,500
|
×
|
Rs.320
|
=
|
4,80,000
|
Contribution
|
|
|
|
|
8,65,000
|
Less: Fixed Cost
|
|
|
|
|
4,40,000
|
Profit
|
|
|
|
|
4,25,000
|
-
If production is increased by 75%, then 1,000 × 175% = 1,750
Machine hrs required A: 10,500 B: 17,500 C: 21,000.
When production is increased to 1,750 hrs.and if the lower ranked product B is purchased A & C would require 10,500 + 21,000 = 31,500 hrs. But only 28,000 hrs are available. The company has taken a decision to purchase one component only. Hence C should be purchased. Now A & B would require 10,500 + 17,500 = 28,000 hrs.which are at hand.
The resultant profit would be:
|
Rs.
|
Rs.
|
Selling price
|
|
1,500
|
Less: Variable Cost
|
|
|
A: Manufacture
|
150
|
|
B: Manufacture
|
180
|
|
C: Purchase
|
320
|
|
Assembly
|
320
|
970
|
Contribution per unit
|
|
530
|
Contribution from 1,750 tables
|
|
9,27,500
|
Less: Fixed Cost
|
|
4,40,000
|
Profit
|
|
4,87,500
|
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