Ethernet Physical Layer
A Comparison of a variety of Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 Physical-Layer Specifications
10Base5 shows that it operates at 10 Mbps, uses baseband signaling and can maintain segments of up to 500 meters. The 10Base5 cabling is widely called the Thick Ethernet. Vampire taps can be used for their connections where a pin is watchfully forced halfway into the co-axial cable's core as shown in the diagram below. The 10Base2 or Thin Ethernet bends simply and is connected using typical BNC connectors to form T junctions (shown in the diag. below). In the 10Base-T scheme a different type of wiring pattern is followed in which all stations have a twisted-pair wire running to a central hub (see below). The difference between the various physical connections is shown below:
(a) 10Base5 (b)10Base2 (c)10Base-T
All 802.3 baseband systems mostly use Manchester encoding, which is a method for receivers to unambiguously find out the start, end or middle of every bit without reference to an external clock. There is a limit on the minimum node spacing (segment length among two nodes) in 10Base5 and 10Base2 and that is 2.5 m and 0.5 m respectively. The motive is that if two nodes are closer than the specified boundary then there will be very huge current which may cause difficulty in detection of signal at the receiver part. Connections from station to cable of 10Base5 are generally made using vampire taps and to
10Base2 are made with industry standard BNC connectors to form T junctions. To allow big networks, many segments can be connected by repeaters as shown. A repeater is a physical layer machine. It receives, amplifies and retransmits signals in each direction.
Note: To connect several segments, amplifier can not be used since amplifier also amplifies the noise in the signal, while repeater regenerates signal after removing the noise.
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