Equivalent mass : The number of parts by mass of a substance which combines with or displaces 1.008 parts by mass of the hydrogen or 8.0 parts of the oxygen or 35.5 parts of chlorine is generally called its equivalent mass (EM). On the other hand the quantity of a substance in grams numerically equal to its equivalent mass is called its gram equivalent mass (GEM) or gram equivalent.
An expressions for the equivalent mass (EM)
(i) EM of an element =
(ii) EM of an acid =
(Basicity of the acid is number of replaceable hydrogen atoms in one molecule of the acid).
(iii) EM of a base =
(Acidity of the base is number of replaceable -OH groups in one molecule of the base).
(iv) EM of a salt =
(v) EM of an oxidising agent
Equivalent mass of the common oxidising agent changes with the medium of the reaction.
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